Bruno Munari (Milan, 1907-1998) was one of the most influential figures in 20th-century Italian art. His activity began in 1926, during the second Futurist movement, alongside Severini, Marinetti, Aligi Sassu and Prampolini. In 1927, he participated in the group show at the Pesaro Gallery in Milan entitled Thirty-four Futurist Painters. However, he soon developed an autonomous vision that brought him closer to such abstract artists as Fontana, Melotti and Reggiani. In the 1930s, Munari abandoned painting to explore the movement of forms in space from a different point of view. His experiments, theorised in the Manifesto of Futurist Aeroplastics (1934), led to the creation of such plastic works as Macchina Aerea, Macchine Sensibili and Macchine Inutili, exhibited at the Il Milione gallery in Milan in 1933. At the same time, Munari devoted himself to graphic design, founding the R+M studio with Riccardo Castagnedi in 1930 and collaborating with publishers Einaudi, Mondadori, Italgeo and Corraini after the war. In 1948, he founded the Movimento Arte Concreta and began to explore the world of design thanks to his collaboration with the company, Danese.
In seventy years of activity, Bruno Munari created works ranging from art to graphics to design to book series - the stainless steel Talking Forks accompanied by an illustrated book with the project's drawings and illustrations (1958); the Concave-Convex installation (1947); the Negative-Positive series of abstract paintings (1963); children's books - Prelibri (1980), Libri Tattili and Libri Illeggibili (1957), one of which is exhibited at MoMA in New York. L'Ora X Clock (1945) and Girondella Kinetic Objet (1965) are also shown at MoMA. Munari created such iconic design objects as the Cubo ashtray, which received the ADI Compasso d'Oro in 1954, and the Falkland lamp (1964), both for Danese.
Among Munari's other works that received prizes and awards are the foam toy Scimmietta Zizà (ADI Compasso d'Oro 1954) and the Abitacolo per Robots (ADI Compasso d'Oro 1979). He was also awarded the Gold Medal from the Milan Triennale for Libri Illeggibili, the Lego prize for his contribution to the development of creativity in children and his 4th ADI Compasso d'Oro in 1994 for his lifetime achievement.
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