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Stoves represent an ideal solution to warm up more environments in a short time, taking into account the mobility of such an element and the thermal performance of the fuel. Based on modern technologies, stoves differ by their fuel supply system, coating, heat distribution system and power supply. Each stove consists of a closed combustion chamber and an air regulating system that slows down the combustion process in favor of lower consumption, and in order to recover energy and transform it into heat. Depending on the use and the environment there are air heaters, where heat is produced by natural convection or forced ventilation, and water heaters, whose priority is to heat the water that feeds the heating system. Air heaters can heat a room in several ways: by forced ventilation, natural convection or radiation.
Stoves also differ from one another by the type of power supply. In addition to their core function which is heating the environments in a homogeneous way, wood-burning stoves, stick out for their aesthetics that easily adapts to houses with a classic or modern style and set an intimate and familiar ambiance. From the house in the countryside to a mountain chalet, they are also used in urban contexts to complete or fully replace traditional heating systems. Depending on the model, they can heat small, medium or large size environments, while saving thanks to the use of wood, which is absolutely the least expensive fuel type. In spite of that, the installation of a chimney is mandatory. Pellet stoves differ from wood stoves mainly for the fuel used. Suitable for any type of environment, they are known to be environmentally friendly, because the pellets are obtained from the waste of wood processing and do not contribute to the felling of new trees. Unlike wood-burning stoves they work automatically by connecting to the electrical network, the chimney is small and maintenance is very simple. Bioethanol stoves, on the other hand, represent an elegant and trendy source of heating. Their lines are square and sinuous and they are often available in black and white, the typical colors of minimalist environments, but lend well as furnishing elements in many other furnishing styles too. They are items of pure design, with clean and eye-catching lines, able to reproduce the atmosphere of a traditional fireplace with a visible flame so to add value any environment. They are also an ideal solution to heat and furnish medium-size spaces, without the obstruction created by chimneys and pipes. Eventually, gas stoves irradiate the heat generated and are able to guarantee optimal combustion.
One of the main distinguishing factors of a stove lining, is the capability to conduct heat, or, in other words, to stock it within the structure walls and spread it gradually across the environment, thus favoring a homogeneous heating in all the spaces of the house and avoid thermal dispersion. The market offers majolica and ceramics stoves, made with refractory clay panels that make the surface look smooth and able to preserve the decorations even at high temperatures; cast iron stoves, which provides for less malleability in creating shapes and decorations, maintain a sober line, but with high performance of heat accumulation and propagation across the environment; stoves with steel coating, which offer and easy-to-clean surface, but of great value. However, there are also glass stoves, stone stoves, able to accumulate heat and propagate it progressively to the whole house, and stoves with refractory brick cladding, of an outstanding rustic and country style, which guarantee high performances in terms of thermal output and are easy to match with the rest of the house.
It is always advisable to choose a stove based on standard quality and usability criteria and especially based on properties connected to heat, positioning within the environment and optimal use of all options. A stove allows to regulate combustion and combustion air thanks to a system of valves that enables to increase or decrease heat. The most important part to observe in a stove is the fire chamber, which allows for the optimal combustion of fuel, to heat the room by radiation and convection, to see the flame and load wood or pellets with less or more ease. This is why it needs to be spacious, so that wood can be put in large logs, which can also be loaded to the side or at the center, as if it were in a waiting position for burning, so as to favor a greater autonomy of the load. Another important part of a stove is the combustion chamber. The latter is endowed with a door - or sometimes even more than one loading door -, positioned at the top or on one side of the system. In order to choose the best one it is necessary to remember that a stove is subjected to smoke leakages if the door remains too open, if it is lifted quickly or if it is too large compared to the combustion chamber. Therefore it is necessary to take into consideration stove typologies that are equipped with not too large doors, in an up-and-down or opening version. Main elements for the door opening are the handles and grip that need to be easy to handle but not too resistant and above all must be insulated to avoid burns during opening. Finally, the thermal glass of the door, which must be resistant to high temperatures and must allow you to see the flame of the fire as in a traditional fireplace. To facilitate this, it is necessary that it is always clean and free of ashes and dust; it is therefore indispensable that the stove is provided with an air recovery system from the outside that allows it to be cleaned or with a self-cleaning glass, which thanks to the pyrolysis treatment prevents deposits of soot, dust or ash.
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